Thai for Hospitals and Pharmacies: Medical Vocabulary Guide

Nobody plans to get sick on a trip or during their first months living in Thailand, but it happens. Food poisoning, tropical heat exhaustion, motorbike scrapes, and unexpected illnesses are realities of life here. While major private hospitals in Bangkok and tourist cities have English-speaking staff, government hospitals, local clinics, and pharmacies outside major cities often require Thai communication.

This guide gives you the medical Thai you need — from describing a headache at a pharmacy counter to communicating in an emergency room.

Emergency Phrases

Learn these first. Memorize them. You may never need them, but if you do, every second counts.

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
ช่วยด้วย!chûuay dûuay!Help!
เรียกรถพยาบาล!rîiak rót-pá-yaa-baan!Call an ambulance!
เรียกหมอ!rîiak mǎw!Call a doctor!
พาไปโรงพยาบาล!paa bpai rohng-pá-yaa-baan!Take me to the hospital!
เจ็บมากjèp mâakIt hurts a lot.
หายใจไม่ออกhǎai-jai mâi àwkI can't breathe.
เป็นลมbpen lomI'm fainting / I fainted.
แพ้...อย่างรุนแรงpáe...yàang run-raengI'm severely allergic to...
กรุณาโทร 1669gà-rú-naa toh nùeng-hòk-hòk-gâoPlease call 1669 (emergency number).

Thailand's national emergency number is 1669 for medical emergencies. In Bangkok, 1646 connects to the Erawan Emergency Center. Save both in your phone.

Body Parts Vocabulary

To tell a doctor or pharmacist where it hurts, you need body part vocabulary. The pattern is simple:

ปวด + [body part] = "[body part] hurts / I have a pain in my [body part]" (bpùuat + [body part])

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
หัวhǔuahead
ตาdtaaeye(s)
หูhǔuear(s)
จมูกjà-mùuknose
ปากbpàakmouth
ฟันfantooth / teeth
คอkawneck / throat
ไหล่làishoulder(s)
แขนkǎenarm(s)
ข้อมือkâw-muuewrist(s)
มือmuuehand(s)
นิ้วníufinger(s) / toe(s)
หน้าอกnâa-òkchest
ท้องtáwngstomach / abdomen
หลังlǎngback
เอวehwwaist / lower back
สะโพกsà-pôhkhip(s)
ขาkǎaleg(s)
เข่าkàoknee(s)
ข้อเท้าkâw-táoankle(s)
เท้าtáofoot / feet
ผิวหนังpǐu-nǎngskin

Internal Organs (for Hospital Visits)

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
หัวใจhǔua-jaiheart
ปอดbpàwtlungs
ตับdtàpliver
ไตdtaikidneys
กระเพาะgrà-páwstomach (organ)
ลำไส้lam-sâiintestines

Describing Symptoms

Pain and Aches

The word ปวด (bpùuat) means a dull, aching pain. The word เจ็บ (jèp) means a sharp, acute pain. Use them differently:

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
ปวดหัวbpùuat hǔuaheadache
ปวดท้องbpùuat táwngstomachache
ปวดหลังbpùuat lǎngbackache
ปวดฟันbpùuat fantoothache
เจ็บคอjèp kawsore throat
เจ็บหน้าอกjèp nâa-òkchest pain (sharp)
เจ็บตรงนี้jèp dtrong-níiIt hurts right here (pointing).
ปวดมากbpùuat mâakIt hurts a lot.
ปวดนิดหน่อยbpùuat nít-nòiIt hurts a little.

Common Symptoms

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
มีไข้mii kâihave a fever
ไอaicough
เป็นหวัดbpen wàthave a cold
น้ำมูกไหลnám-mûuk lǎirunny nose
จามjaamsneeze
คลื่นไส้klûuen-sâinauseous
อาเจียนaa-jiianvomit
ท้องเสียtáwng-sǐiadiarrhea
ท้องผูกtáwng-pùukconstipation
วิงเวียนหัวwing-wiian hǔuadizzy
อ่อนเพลียàwn-pliiafatigued / weak
ผื่นขึ้นpùuen kûenhave a rash
บวมbuuamswollen
ชาchaanumb
เลือดออกlûueat àwkbleeding
กระดูกหักgrà-dùuk hàkbroken bone
แผลไหม้plǎe mâiburn wound
ถูกแมลงกัดtùuk má-laeng gàtinsect bite

Duration and Frequency

Doctors will ask how long you have had symptoms. Be prepared:

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
ตั้งแต่เมื่อวานdtâng-dtàe mûuea-waansince yesterday
สองสามวันแล้วsǎwng-sǎam wan láaeofor two or three days
อาทิตย์นึงแล้วaa-tít nùeng láaeofor a week now
เพิ่งเริ่มpêrng rêrmjust started
เป็นๆ หายๆbpen bpen hǎai hǎaicomes and goes
ตลอดเวลาdtà-làwt weh-laaall the time

Allergies: แพ้ (páe)

The word แพ้ (páe) means "to be allergic to." This is a critical word for your safety.

ผม/ฉันแพ้ + [substance] (pǒm/chǎn páe + [substance]) "I am allergic to [substance]."

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
แพ้ยาเพนิซิลลินpáe yaa peh-ní-sin-linallergic to penicillin
แพ้ยาแอสไพรินpáe yaa áet-pai-rinallergic to aspirin
แพ้อาหารทะเลpáe aa-hǎan tá-lehallergic to seafood
แพ้ถั่วpáe tùuaallergic to nuts / peanuts
แพ้ยาสลบpáe yaa sà-lòpallergic to anesthesia
แพ้ลาเท็กซ์páe laa-tèkallergic to latex
ไม่แพ้อะไรmâi páe à-rainot allergic to anything

If you have serious allergies, carry a card in Thai stating your allergies. Show it at every medical encounter. A useful phrase on such a card:

ข้าพเจ้าแพ้ยา...กรุณาอย่าให้ยานี้ (kâa-pá-jâo páe yaa...gà-rú-naa yàa hâi yaa níi) "I am allergic to [medicine]...please do not administer this medication."

At the Pharmacy: ร้านขายยา (ráan kǎai yaa)

Thai pharmacies are incredibly convenient. Pharmacists can diagnose minor ailments and dispense many medications that would require a prescription in Western countries, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and some pain medications. Every pharmacy has a licensed pharmacist (เภสัชกร / peh-sàt-chá-gawn) on duty.

Useful Pharmacy Phrases

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
มียา...ไหมmii yaa...máiDo you have medicine for...?
ขอยาแก้ปวดkǎw yaa gâe bpùuatI'd like pain medicine.
ขอยาแก้ไข้kǎw yaa gâe kâiI'd like fever medicine.
ขอยาแก้ท้องเสียkǎw yaa gâe táwng-sǐiaI'd like diarrhea medicine.
ขอยาแก้แพ้kǎw yaa gâe páeI'd like allergy medicine.
ขอยาทาแผลkǎw yaa taa plǎeI'd like wound ointment.
ขอพลาสเตอร์kǎw pláat-sà-dtêrI'd like a bandage/plaster.
กินวันละกี่ครั้งgin wan lá gìi krángHow many times a day?
กินก่อนอาหารหรือหลังอาหารgin gàwn aa-hǎan rǔue lǎng aa-hǎanBefore or after meals?

Common Medicines

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
ยาแก้ปวดyaa gâe bpùuatpainkiller
ยาลดไข้yaa lót kâifever reducer
ยาแก้ไอyaa gâe aicough medicine
ยาแก้แพ้yaa gâe páeantihistamine
ยาปฏิชีวนะyaa bpà-dtì-chii-wá-náantibiotic
ยาทาผิวyaa taa pǐutopical cream
ยาหยอดตาyaa yòt dtaaeye drops
ยาหยอดหูyaa yòt hǔuear drops
ยาอมyaa omthroat lozenge
ยาดมyaa domsmelling salts / inhaler (Thai style)
ผงเกลือแร่pǒng gluuea-ráeoral rehydration salts (ORS)
ยาคุมyaa kumbirth control pills
ถุงยางอนามัยtǔng yaang à-naa-maicondom
ครีมกันแดดkriim gan dàetsunscreen
ยาทากันยุงyaa taa gan yungmosquito repellent

Pharmacist Instructions You Will Hear

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
กินวันละสามครั้งgin wan lá sǎam krángTake three times a day.
กินหลังอาหารgin lǎng aa-hǎanTake after meals.
กินก่อนนอนgin gàwn nawnTake before bed.
ครั้งละหนึ่งเม็ดkráng lá nùeng métOne tablet per dose.
ครั้งละสองเม็ดkráng lá sǎwng métTwo tablets per dose.
ห้ามกินกับแอลกอฮอล์hâam gin gàp aen-gaw-hawDo not take with alcohol.
ถ้าไม่ดีขึ้นให้ไปหาหมอtâa mâi dii kûen hâi bpai hǎa mǎwIf it doesn't improve, see a doctor.

Hospital Registration Vocabulary

When you arrive at a Thai hospital, you will go through a registration process (ลงทะเบียน / long tá-biian). Here is what you will encounter:

Registration Desk Phrases

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
ลงทะเบียนที่ไหนlong tá-biian tîi-nǎiWhere do I register?
เคยมาที่นี่ไหมkoei maa tîi-nîi máiHave you been here before?
ครั้งแรกครับkráng râek krápFirst time.
ขอหนังสือเดินทางkǎw nǎng-sǔue dern-taangMay I have your passport?
มีประกันไหมmii bprà-gan máiDo you have insurance?
แผนก...อยู่ชั้นไหนpà-nàek...yùu chán nǎiWhat floor is the ... department?

Hospital Departments

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
ห้องฉุกเฉินhâwng chùk-chěrnemergency room
แผนกผู้ป่วยนอก (OPD)pà-nàek pûu-bpùuay nâwkoutpatient department
แผนกผู้ป่วยใน (IPD)pà-nàek pûu-bpùuay naiinpatient department
แผนกอายุรกรรมpà-nàek aa-yú-rá-gaminternal medicine
แผนกศัลยกรรมpà-nàek sǎn-lá-yá-gamsurgery
แผนกกระดูกและข้อpà-nàek grà-dùuk láe kâworthopedics
แผนกตาpà-nàek dtaaophthalmology (eye)
แผนกหู คอ จมูกpà-nàek hǔu kaw jà-mùukENT (ear, nose, throat)
แผนกทันตกรรมpà-nàek tan-dtà-gamdentistry
ห้องเอกซเรย์hâwng ék-sà-rehX-ray room
ห้องจ่ายยาhâwng jàai yaapharmacy (dispensary)
ห้องชำระเงินhâwng cham-rá ngerncashier / payment

What the Doctor May Ask

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
เป็นอะไรครับbpen à-rai krápWhat's wrong? / What brings you in?
เจ็บตรงไหนjèp dtrong nǎiWhere does it hurt?
เจ็บมานานเท่าไหร่jèp maa naan tâo-ràiHow long has it been hurting?
แพ้ยาอะไรไหมpáe yaa à-rai máiAre you allergic to any medicine?
กินยาอะไรอยู่gin yaa à-rai yùuAre you taking any medication?
มีโรคประจำตัวไหมmii rôhk bprà-jam dtuua máiDo you have any chronic conditions?
ตั้งครรภ์ไหมdtâng kan máiAre you pregnant?

Your Responses

ThaiRomanizationEnglish
เจ็บตรงนี้jèp dtrong-níiIt hurts here (pointing).
เริ่มเจ็บเมื่อวานrêrm jèp mûuea-waanIt started hurting yesterday.
แพ้ยาเพนิซิลลินpáe yaa peh-ní-sin-linI'm allergic to penicillin.
ไม่แพ้ยาอะไรmâi páe yaa à-raiI'm not allergic to anything.
มีเบาหวานmii bao-wǎanI have diabetes.
มีความดันสูงmii kwaam-dan sǔungI have high blood pressure.
ไม่ได้ตั้งครรภ์mâi dâi dtâng kanI'm not pregnant.

Cultural Context: Healthcare in Thailand

Pharmacies are your first line of care. For minor issues — cold, diarrhea, headache, skin irritation, muscle pain — go to a ร้านขายยา first. Pharmacists are well-trained and can save you hours at a hospital. Boots and Watsons are pharmacy chains found in malls; independent pharmacies (often with a green cross sign) line main roads everywhere.

Private vs. government hospitals. Private hospitals (like Bumrungrad, Bangkok Hospital, Samitivej) offer excellent care with English-speaking staff but are expensive without insurance. Government hospitals are much cheaper but involve longer waits and less English support — which is exactly when your Thai medical vocabulary becomes essential.

Bring your passport. Hospitals require ID for registration. Keep a photo of your passport on your phone as a backup.

Payment is usually upfront. Unlike some countries, Thai hospitals typically require payment before or immediately after treatment. Have your insurance card ready, or be prepared to pay cash or card and claim reimbursement later.

ยาดม (yaa dom) — the small Thai menthol inhaler — is a cultural institution. You will see Thais sniffing these everywhere. They contain menthol, camphor, and eucalyptus, and are genuinely helpful for mild nasal congestion, nausea, and staying alert. Pick one up at any 7-Eleven for about 20-30 baht.

With this vocabulary, you can communicate your medical needs in Thai with enough precision to get proper care. For serious conditions, always try to reach a hospital with English-speaking staff if possible, but having these Thai phrases as backup can be the difference between getting help quickly and struggling to communicate when it matters most.

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